# Long-range Attacks on Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchains

> An evaluation of long-range attacks on proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains, where the validators leak historical keys to the adversary, with Valeria Nikolaenko (a16z crypto Research Partner). Valeria discusses approaches to mitigating these attacks and bootstrapping the blockchain from genesis without ...

- URL: https://a16zcrypto.com/posts/videos/long-range-attacks-on-proof-of-stake-pos-blockchains
- Authors: [Valeria Nikolaenko](https://a16zcrypto.com/team/valeria-nikolaenko)
- Published: 2022-08-13
- Updated: 2025-01-29
- Focus areas: tech trends, research
- Tags: consensus, cryptography, security, proof of stake, video
- Format: videos

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An evaluation of long-range attacks on proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains, where the validators leak historical keys to the adversary, with Valeria Nikolaenko (a16z crypto Research Partner). Valeria discusses approaches to mitigating these attacks and bootstrapping the blockchain from genesis without centralized checkpoints.

[Embedded media](https://www.youtube.com/embed/-uxHoEfxXC4?feature=oembed)

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Source: [Long-range Attacks on Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchains](https://a16zcrypto.com/posts/videos/long-range-attacks-on-proof-of-stake-pos-blockchains) — a16z crypto. Full archive: https://a16zcrypto.com/posts